What is Padlock?
The Malwarebytes research team has determined that Padlock is a screenlocker. These applications deny you access to your own files or computer, or threaten to do so.
This particular one also claims to have deleted your files.
How do I know if I am infected with Padlock?
This is how the main screen of the screenlocker looks:

And see these warning when you type in the wrong password:

How did Padlock get on my computer?
Screenlocker applications use different methods for spreading themselves. This particular may have been offered as a Google Chrome installer or update, given that it uses the Chrome icon and the name of the startup key.
How do I remove Padlock?
Our program Malwarebytes Anti-Malware can detect and remove this potentially unwanted application, but due to the nature of the infection this will require a few extra steps.
There are two methods to get back to your desktop and regain control over the system.
- Type the password into the textfield at the bottom of the screen. The correct password is ajVr/G\RJz0R.
- Use the key combination Ctrl-Alt-Del to invoke Task Manager and end the process called padlock.exe.
- Please download Malwarebytes to your desktop.
- Double-click mb3-setup-consumer-{version}.exe and follow the prompts to install the program.
- Then click Finish.
- Once the program has fully updated, select Scan Now on the Dashboard. Or select the Threat Scan from the Scan menu.
- If another update of the definitions is available, it will be implemented before the rest of the scanning procedure.
- When the scan is complete, make sure that all Threats are selected, and click Remove Selected.
- Restart your computer when prompted to do so.
- Malwarebytes removes Padlock completely.
We hope our application has helped you eradicate this malicious software. If your current security solution let this infection through, you might please consider purchasing the FULL version of Malwarebytes for additional protection.
As you can see below the full version of Malwarebytes would have protected you against the Padlock screenlocker. It would have warned you before the application could start encrypting your files, giving you a chance to stop it before it became too late. And warned you about an outgoing connection to a malware server.

Technical details for experts
Possible signs in FRST logs:
HKCU\...\Run: [Google Chrome] => C:\Users\{username}\Desktop\padlock.exe [4358144 2016-12-22] (Google)Alterations made by the installer:
Registry details [View: All details] (Selection) ------------------------------------------------ [HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run] "Google Chrome"="REG_SZ", "C:\Users\{username}\Desktop\padlock.exe"Malwarebytes log:
Malwarebytes www.malwarebytes.com -Log Details- Scan Date: 12/27/16 Scan Time: 8:10 AM Logfile: mbamPadlock.txt Administrator: Yes -Software Information- Version: 3.0.4.1269 Components Version: 1.0.39 Update Package Version: 1.0.867 License: Premium -System Information- OS: Windows 7 Service Pack 1 CPU: x64 File System: NTFS User: {computername}\{username} -Scan Summary- Scan Type: Threat Scan Result: Completed Objects Scanned: 352820 Time Elapsed: 8 min, 5 sec -Scan Options- Memory: Enabled Startup: Enabled Filesystem: Enabled Archives: Enabled Rootkits: Enabled Heuristics: Enabled PUP: Enabled PUM: Enabled -Scan Details- Process: 1 Trojan.LockScreen, C:\USERS\{username}\DESKTOP\PADLOCK.EXE, Quarantined, [162], [355200],1.0.867 Module: 1 Trojan.LockScreen, C:\USERS\{username}\DESKTOP\PADLOCK.EXE, Quarantined, [162], [355200],1.0.867 Registry Key: 0 (No malicious items detected) Registry Value: 1 Trojan.LockScreen, HKCU\SOFTWARE\MICROSOFT\WINDOWS\CURRENTVERSION\RUN|Google Chrome, Delete-on-Reboot, [162], [355200],1.0.867 Data Stream: 0 (No malicious items detected) Folder: 0 (No malicious items detected) File: 1 Trojan.LockScreen, C:\USERS\{username}\DESKTOP\PADLOCK.EXE, Delete-on-Reboot, [162], [355200],1.0.867 Physical Sector: 0 (No malicious items detected) (end)As mentioned before the full version of Malwarebytes could have protected your computer against this threat.
We use different ways of protecting your computer(s):
- Dynamically Blocks Malware Sites & Servers
- Malware Execution Prevention